Unit 7 of APUSH covers the transformative period from 1890 to 1945‚ exploring industrialization‚ Progressive reforms‚ World Wars‚ the Great Depression‚ and the New Deal. This era reshaped America’s domestic policies‚ global role‚ and cultural identity‚ providing essential context for understanding modern U.S. history.
Overview of the Time Period (1890-1945)
This period spans significant events and transformations‚ including industrialization‚ the Progressive Era‚ World War I‚ the Roaring Twenties‚ the Great Depression‚ and World War II. It highlights America’s shift from isolationism to global leadership‚ economic growth and crisis‚ and societal changes that defined its identity and policies. These decades laid the foundation for modern U.S. domestic and foreign affairs.
Key Themes and Concepts
Unit 7 focuses on industrialization‚ Progressive reforms‚ World War I‚ the Roaring Twenties‚ the Great Depression‚ and World War II. Key themes include the rise of U.S. global influence‚ economic fluctuations‚ social and cultural changes‚ and government intervention. These concepts highlight America’s transformation from an isolated nation to a global superpower‚ addressing domestic challenges and international responsibilities that shaped its modern identity.
The Progressive Era (1890-1920)
The Progressive Era focused on addressing social inequalities‚ economic exploitation‚ and political corruption through reforms. It aimed to promote democracy‚ regulate industries‚ and empower citizens‚ shaping modern governance.
Progressive Movement: Key Ideas and Reforms
The Progressive Movement sought to address social and economic inequalities through direct democracy‚ trust-busting‚ and consumer protection. Key reforms included the 17th Amendment for direct Senate elections‚ the 19th Amendment granting women’s suffrage‚ and the 18th Amendment prohibiting alcohol. Leaders like Theodore Roosevelt and Jane Addams championed these changes‚ aiming to reduce corporate power and improve living conditions. These reforms laid the groundwork for modern regulatory policies and social welfare initiatives.
Important Figures and Their Contributions
Theodore Roosevelt led trust-busting policies and conservation efforts. Jane Addams pioneered social work and advocacy for the poor. Robert LaFollette championed progressive reforms in Wisconsin. Muckrakers like Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclair exposed corporate abuses‚ driving change. These figures played pivotal roles in shaping Progressive Era reforms‚ emphasizing government responsibility and social justice‚ leaving a lasting impact on U.S. policy and society.
World War I and Its Impact
World War I profoundly impacted the global stage‚ reshaping international relations‚ economies‚ and societies. It triggered widespread devastation‚ economic shifts‚ and political changes in America and abroad.
Causes and Major Events of WWI
World War I stemmed from imperialism‚ nationalism‚ militarism‚ and complex alliances. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ignited the conflict. Key events included trench warfare‚ the U;S. entry after Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare and the sinking of the Lusitania. The war ended with the Treaty of Versailles‚ imposing harsh penalties on Germany and sowing seeds for future conflicts.
U.S. Entry into the War and Its Consequences
The U.S. initially maintained neutrality but entered WWI in 1917 due to Germany’s resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram. The war spurred nationalism and anti-German sentiment domestically. The government implemented the Espionage and Sedition Acts‚ stifling dissent. The war also accelerated social changes‚ with African Americans and women playing crucial roles in the labor force. The U.S. emerged as a global power post-war.
The Roaring Twenties (1920-1929)
The 1920s were a transformative decade marked by cultural shifts‚ economic prosperity‚ and social change‚ with jazz‚ flappers‚ and consumerism defining the era’s vibrant yet tense atmosphere.
Cultural and Social Changes
The 1920s saw significant cultural shifts‚ with the rise of jazz‚ the Harlem Renaissance‚ and flappers challenging traditional norms. Consumer culture flourished‚ and mass media shaped public opinion. Urbanization and immigration diversified society‚ while Prohibition sparked debates over personal freedom. Women gained voting rights‚ and youth culture became more prominent‚ reflecting a society in transition between old values and modern ideals‚ leading to both progress and tension.
- Jazz and Harlem Renaissance highlighted African American cultural contributions.
- Flappers symbolized women’s liberation and changing gender roles.
- Consumerism and advertising reshaped American lifestyles.
Economic Prosperity and Its Limitations
The 1920s experienced economic growth driven by industrial expansion‚ consumerism‚ and technological advancements. However‚ prosperity was uneven‚ with wealth concentrated among the elite. Overproduction‚ underconsumption‚ and speculative investments created instability. Farmers and industrial workers faced hardships‚ while the stock market boom masked underlying economic weaknesses that ultimately led to the Great Depression.
- Mass production and consumer credit fueled economic growth.
- Wealth inequality and underconsumption by workers were significant issues.
- Speculative bubbles and overproduction destabilized the economy.
The Great Depression (1929-1941)
The Great Depression‚ triggered by the 1929 stock market crash‚ led to widespread unemployment‚ economic collapse‚ and social upheaval. The New Deal introduced reforms to stabilize the economy and provide relief to affected Americans.
Causes and Effects of the Great Depression
The Great Depression‚ starting with the 1929 stock market crash‚ stemmed from overproduction‚ underconsumption‚ and financial speculation. Mass unemployment‚ business failures‚ and widespread poverty ensued. The Dust Bowl exacerbated agricultural decline‚ while global trade collapsed. The crisis lasted over a decade‚ deeply affecting social structures and setting the stage for New Deal reforms.
Hoover vs. Roosevelt: Responses to the Crisis
President Herbert Hoover initially responded to the Great Depression with limited government intervention‚ advocating for laissez-faire policies and voluntary measures like the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. He believed economic recovery would occur naturally. In contrast‚ Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the New Deal‚ which introduced extensive government programs and reforms to stimulate recovery and provide direct relief to citizens. Roosevelt’s approach marked a significant shift toward federal activism‚ aiming to restore confidence and stability.
The New Deal (1933-1941)
The New Deal was President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response to the Great Depression‚ introducing reforms and programs aimed at relief‚ recovery‚ and long-term economic reform.
Key Programs and Policies
The New Deal introduced transformative programs and policies to address the Great Depression. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) and Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) provided jobs‚ while the National Recovery Administration (NRA) set labor standards. The Social Security Act established a safety net‚ and the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) supported farmers. These initiatives aimed to stimulate economic recovery and reform‚ with a focus on relief for all Americans.
Impact on American Society and Economy
The New Deal significantly reshaped American society and economy by providing relief‚ reform‚ and recovery. It established programs like Social Security‚ fostering a safety net for citizens. The federal government’s role expanded‚ promoting economic stability and addressing inequalities. These changes laid the groundwork for future policy interventions and long-term economic recovery‚ influencing societal expectations of government responsibility for decades to come.
World War II (1941-1945)
World War II transformed the U.S. into a global superpower. The attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 led to American entry‚ significant contributions to the Allied victory‚ and a new role in international affairs‚ shaping the post-war world order.
U.S. Entry into WWII and Major Events
The U.S. entered WWII after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941‚ leading to a formal declaration of war. Key events included D-Day‚ the Battle of Midway‚ and the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The war propelled the U.S. to global superpower status‚ ending with the Axis powers’ defeat and setting the stage for the Cold War. American contributions were pivotal in Allied victories.
Home Front and War Effort
The U.S. home front during WWII saw unprecedented mobilization‚ with women entering the workforce in large numbers‚ particularly in war industries. The military draft and rationing systems were implemented to support the war effort. Propaganda campaigns boosted patriotism‚ while factories shifted to producing weapons and supplies. The federal government expanded its role‚ and the economy experienced growth despite challenges. Civilian contributions were crucial to Allied success.
Key Supreme Court Cases
Landmark cases like Schenck v. United States and Korematsu v. United States addressed civil liberties during wartime‚ shaping legal precedents for free speech and government power.
Landmark Decisions During This Period
Key Supreme Court cases during 1890-1945 addressed civil liberties and government power. Schenck v. United States (1919) upheld restrictions on free speech during wartime‚ while Korematsu v. United States (1944) controversially validated Japanese American internment. These rulings highlighted tensions between national security and individual rights‚ setting important legal precedents for future civil liberties debates.
Foreign Policy and International Relations
The U.S. emerged as a global power‚ shifting from isolationism to international engagement. Key events include World War I‚ World War II‚ and the creation of the United Nations‚ shaping its role in global affairs.
U.S. Role in Global Affairs
The U.S. transitioned from isolationism to global leadership‚ engaging in World War I and World War II. Economic policies like the Open Door Policy and post-war dominance shaped international relations. The creation of institutions like the United Nations reflected America’s growing influence‚ balancing humanitarian efforts with strategic interests to establish itself as a superpower.
Study Tips and Resources
Utilize platforms like Fiveable‚ Gilder Lehrman Institute‚ and Reddit communities for study guides‚ flashcards‚ and courses. Focus on active recall‚ timed essays‚ and analyzing primary sources for deeper understanding.
Effective Strategies for Mastering Unit 7
Focus on active recall by creating flashcards and practicing essay prompts. Break down complex topics into smaller sections and analyze primary sources for context. Use study guides from Fiveable and the Gilder Lehrman Institute for structured reviews. Engage with online communities like Reddit for additional insights and tips. Prioritize understanding over memorization and organize regular study sessions with clear goals.
Recommended Study Materials and Guides
Utilize the Gilder Lehrman Institute’s self-paced courses for a comprehensive review. Fiveable offers detailed study guides and unit 7 review materials. Khan Academy provides video tutorials‚ while APUSH Period 7 Review on Class Notes is ideal for concise summaries. Reddit communities like r/APUSH and r/APStudents share valuable insights and strategies. Flashcards from Knowt and practice essays on Study Guides aid in active learning and preparation.
Unit 7 highlights transformative events shaping modern America. From Progressive reforms to WWII‚ understanding this era is crucial for grasping U.S. development and its global influence.
Final Thoughts and Key Takeaways
Unit 7 underscores the transformative periods of industrialization‚ Progressivism‚ and global conflict. Understanding these events is vital for grasping America’s domestic and international evolution. Key themes include reform efforts‚ economic shifts‚ and U.S. emergence as a global power. Mastery of these concepts is essential for excelling in APUSH‚ as they form the foundation of modern American history and its complexities.